Analyse the poem The Eolian Harp by Samuel Taylor...

The Eolian Harp by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, can be described as the musings of a man thinking about his love for his wife Sara, the beauty of nature and about the wonder of God in providing him with both nature and Sara. The voice of the poem is Coleridge himself as it refers to Sara, his wife at the time of writing. It is a Romantic poem as it deals with a mixture of traditional Romantic themes: those of strong feelings, the importance of the imagination and the idea of the sublime, and the natural world. The Eolian Harp is written in blank verse and has an irregular split into two verse paragraphs, one long, one short. The form is lyrical as it deals with a mans thoughts and emotions but it is often written in a conversational style,†¦show more content†¦The end of each line needs and makes more sense once the next line has been read. In opposition to this quickening of pace is the use of caesura to cause a sudden thought provoking stop in the middle of a line:The stilly murmur of the distant SeaTells us of Silence. (l.11-12)The effect of using this technique at this point brings the thought to mind that we only truly hear the noise of the sea when all else is silent. This sudden stop and silence seems a perfect way to introduce the main theme as from this point on Coleridge talks about the Harp that is to dominate the tone of the poem until the end of the first verse paragraph. Coleridge uses a wonderful section of continuous alliteration from lines 17-20 in order to give depth to the Harp:And now its stringsBoldlier swept, the long sequacious notesOver delicious surges sink and rise,Such a soft floating witchery of sound (emphasis added) (l.17-19)The effect of this continuous use of the s sound creates the effect of a gentle, flowing and moving sound much like the long, delicious, floating sound that Coleridge tries to describe the harp as having. The actual effect of this alliteration is to create a sensual, relaxing tone at this point in the poem. Another technique of emphasis used throughout the poem is the use of imagery. Coleridge personifies the nature around him by comparing it to abstract nouns - the white flowerd Jasmin represents Innocence, the broad-leavd

The Causes of Global Climate Change Essay - 894 Words

Global warming: one of the hottest and most politically charged issues of the 21st century, and for good reason. The potential harms are massive: Ice sheets melting (causing sea levels to rise and a decline of available fresh water), more common droughts and floods, stronger natural disasters and a complete over-haul of our ecosystem (nationalgeographic.com). Combine these factors and add in a few hundred years, we could have a messy situation. We know what might happen if the trend of increasing universal temperatures continues, but nobody can seem to pinpoint the exact reasons as to why this is happening. Is it a natural phenomenon? Are humans causing it? Or as Charlie Perry, a U.S. Geological Survey scientist, suggests: Variation†¦show more content†¦First, David Braaten a professor of atmospheric science at University of Kansas, counters Perry’s claim that carbon dioxide has little to do with climate change: â€Å"Basically, we have a long record of little change s going on in the atmosphere and there is this other huge change of concentration of (carbon dioxide). To try to explain that it has nothing to do with (climate change) is crazy.† (3). Braaten suggests that while its certainly possible that solar activity may contribute to climate change, the most prominent issue is the explosive increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere rather than â€Å"the ebbs and flows of the sun’s 11-year cycle† (3). His opinion carries more weight due to the fact that there is in fact a documented change in the amount of carbon dioxide and the rise of our global temperature while there is no reliable scientific data presented by a professional council that would suggest that sunspots are the cause of climate change. Secondly, his opinion contradicts that of a world-wide panel of the best scientists in the world: United Nations’ Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change. The world’s most respected group of scien tists annually convene and publishes reports on the most up-to-date research and findings on: what causes climate change, how to combat/mitigate its effects, and the scientific basis’ of climateShow MoreRelatedGlobal Climate Change Causes And Effects On The Environment And The World s Oceans916 Words   |  4 Pagesknow about global climate change? Do you think we create this problem in the twentieth-first century to damage our planet. This problem started at the beginning of civilization and became worse during the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. Older generations generated more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. More carbon dioxide had a negative impact on the ecosystems of the planet. And the scientific definition of global climate representsRead MoreGlobal Warming Controversy : The Debate Around The Climate Change, And Its Causes And / Or Effects2869 Words   |  12 PagesGlobal Warming Controversy Critically assess how the media have used the scientific evidence in the debate around the climate change, and its causes and/or effects Introduction Nowadays, the whole world are paying attention on the controversy about climate change and global warming. Hot topics include whether global warming is occurring, warming level in modern times, causes, effects and what that action should be taken (Science Daily). On one hand, there is a strong consensus that human and industriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Fossil Fuels On The Environment1734 Words   |  7 Pagesscientifically certain of is that our continued use of fossil fuels is pushing us to a point of no return, warns President Obama, â€Å"we are condemning future generations to global catastrophe.† The point of no return metaphorically represents the place in ones journey that must be continued with no alternative routes or ability to make change. In consort with President Obama, many scientists believe the point of no return could occur if significant efforts aren’t made soon. Anthropogenic (human influenced)Read MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Eco system1173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbedRead MoreClimate Change Is Defined By Dictionary.com As A Long Term Change1750 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2016 Climate Change Climate change is defined by Dictionary.com as â€Å"A long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature† (â€Å"The Definition of Climate Change†). Climate change can be separated into four categories which are: evidences, causes, effects, and solutions. These categories help to find out what climate change is and how we can stop it. There are many questions that arise when talking about climate change, and oneRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Earth1358 Words   |  6 Pagesseize. You have Malaria but live in Europe. Climate change is classed as any alteration in global weather patterns over a period of time. However the climate change the earth is currently experiencing is far from anything ever experienced before and its 99% certain that it has been caused by human industrialisation. Like anything that affects the earth on a global scale it affects everything including microorganisms and therefore disease. Climate change is causing disease to spread and increase inRead MoreEssay on Is Climate Change Natural or Man-Made?1160 Words   |  5 PagesName: Instructor: Curse: Date: Is Climate Change Natural or Man-made? Introduction The planet has been experiencing considerable climate change for the last several decades. There have been many explanations toward the main causes of the increased warming of the planet. On one hand are the environmentalists who believe that the major cause of this increased warming of the planet is the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere induced by human activities. On the other hand, the scientistsRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1713 Words   |  7 PagesDefining the Issue Global warming is defined as the recent increase in the world s temperature that is believed to be caused by the increase of certain gases (such as carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere. There are many different theories on whether global warming is similar or not to climate change. Simplistically, climate change is different because climate change is defined as a change in global or regional climate patterns or, in particular, a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwardsRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome people say global warming is caused by human activity, others say global warming doesn’t even exist. Some people claim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, as

Gullivers Travel Satire free essay sample

Lilliput and its rival kingdom of Blefuscu carry on as if their affairs were just as vital as those of European nations, and their nations just as capable, despite the fact that Gulliver could step on them all if he wished. As he records their society, court intrigues, religious disputes, and wars, it becomes clear that European politicians and aristocrats share much of the ridiculousness of the Lilliputians. When Gulliver is finally forced to leave Lilliput, it is because of trumped-up charges of treason fabricated by court enemies. He spends a short time in Blefuscu, but because Lilliput threatens war over his presence there, he resolves to leave rather than cause further trouble. When Gulliver journeys to a land of giants called Brobdingnag he experiences what it feels like to be a Lilliputian, as the giants are as much larger than him as he is larger than a Lilliputian. Gullivers various brushes with death are humorous, but Swift also uses them to reinforce a major focus of this section: just as Lilliputian affairs are ridiculous because of their smallness, human pretensions are ridiculous as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Gullivers Travel Satire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Swifts second major target for satire appears when Gulliver tries to show the Brobdingnagian king the greatness of England; he succeeds only in showing its corruption. While English civilization is more complex and more technologically advanced than Brobdingnag, a large portion of the technology is devoted to war and destruction, and much of the complexity of law and government is an opportunity for massive corruption. Swifts satire has expanded in this section to cover the entire nation, and other European nations as well. A Voyage to Laputa: Pretensions to Knowledge Gullivers third voyage, to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan, is divided into four main sections (his visit to Japan at the end is brief). Each stop on Gullivers trip mocks mankinds claims to knowledge and understanding in some way. Laputa, as an island of absent-minded thinkers floating in the air, gives a good picture of a people with impressive thoughts, but no good connection to reality. When Gulliver leaves for the land of Balnibarbi below and enters the city of Lagado, the satire turns much harsher. Swift portrays there a group of men who, after spending some time in Laputa, attempted to apply their pet theories to the improvement of the country. But their ridiculous schemes have ruined it, because the theories took no account of reality. Still, most people follow their schemes, for they are after all new, modern, and scientific. Glubbdubdrib is a land where magicians can temporarily bring the dead back to earth, allowing Gulliver to speak to various famous historical figures. He discovers, though, that much of the history he has read is inaccurate, through either the ignorance or bias of the historians. Swift also takes this opportunity to speak again of the frequent evil of even honored men such as religious leaders and aristocrats. In Luggnagg, Gulliver himself comes in for mockery. Upon hearing of the existence of immortals in the land, he begins to imagine the greatness of their lives, and sketches out the life of learning and leadership he would live were he to be immortal. His host then informs him of one thing he has failed to understand the immortals do not have eternal youth a fact that overthrows his whole grand scheme. A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms: Human Beastliness Gullivers final voyage is to a land of intelligent horses called Houyhnhnms, and beastly human-like creatures called Yahoos. In his depiction of the Yahoos, and the parallels he draws between their brutish behavior and that of humans, Swift expands his satire to the evils of the entire human race. The perfectly rational and virtuous Houyhnhnms provide sharp contrast to this, leading Gulliver to eventually become so ashamed of his humanity he almost begins to act like a horse. Despite Gullivers eventual elimination of some of his bad tendencies through imitation of the Houyhnhnms, he is eventually exiled on the argument that his combination of greater intelligence than Yahoos and lesser virtue than Houyhnhnms makes him dangerous. The end of the story presents Gullivers dilemma: he is now horrified by his fellow humans, yet his behavior in talking to horses and refusing to eat with his family is enough to make the reader wonder if he is insane. Gullivers dilemma is also humanitys. Developing greater virtue can lead to hating humanitys corrupt nature, but trying to escape ones own human nature because of its corruption is insanity. So throughout Gullivers Travels, Swift repeatedly satirizes human corruption and inadequacy from a variety of angles. The four adventures progressively increase the scope and forcefulness of these attacks, leading to the thematic climax that ties off the plot.

Modern Philosophers Martin Luther, Erasmus, Leonardo Davinci and Thomas Biley

Table of Contents Introduction Martin Luther Erasmus Leonardo Davinci Golden Theory Thomas Biley Works Cited Introduction Philosophy is defined as love of wisdom and has existed for centuries. The main objective is to enable man understand nature and its processes in totality. In the past, religious interpretations dominated philosophy whereas modern philosophy is skeptic on nature. This paper reviews selected modern philosophers and their ideologies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Philosophers: Martin Luther, Erasmus, Leonardo Davinci and Thomas Biley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Martin Luther A fiery critic of the Papacy doctrines, Martin Luther believed that any good choice made by man has to be founded on God’s principles and not from institutions like Roman Catholic Church, which was based on unfounded doctrines for the sake of self gratification. He believed the church had deliberatel y created a wedge between Christians and Clergy on the pretext that Clergies were superior in spiritual realm compared to Christians (Baumer 184). Ministers of God’s word must be role models to Christianity by serving with sole purpose of nourishing Christian souls and not for their selfish ambitions. There exists no difference between Clergies and Christians because God judges them equally; they all need to repent for them to be redeemed of their sins (Baumer 185). He passionately describes Christian freedom as that having everything to do with God’s grace and not human necessity (Baumer 188). If Christians are to make choices based on their necessity then the will of Satan will prevail because choices are captives to will of God or will of Satan (Baumer 189). Erasmus Erasmus strongly believed that the contemporary society faults as a consequence of their disassociation from God’s leadership. He points out that all members of a society irrespective of their cad re and occupation are only interested in self gratification in their undertakings thereby propagating vices (Baumer 152). Professions took advantage of ignorance in ordinary people by wittingly and cunningly defending their ideologies to life. He warns that one has to be careful to selective ideologies of others and seek God’s intervention to religious teachings. He blames Roman Catholic Church for nurturing untrue doctrines. Finally he is certain that leadership has to be based on Christian foundations (Baumer 158). His advice on qualities of good leadership includes: being fair to all, educating the youth on true Christian doctrines and good morals by dedicated instructors.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is true because the society today is a product of the quality of upbringing accorded to the young ones. If the young ones are exposed to virtues early in life then the y will exhibit them later in life but if their foundations are based on vices then the same will be replicated later in their lives and to the society. Leonardo Davinci He was convinced that painting is superior in respect to other arts. Through painting, a complex intertwined process is initiated in the painter’s mind with simple ideas which are nurtured to produce products with great quality. Science is full of errors and rigid since it fully depends on manuals for references contrary to painting which occur naturally (Baumer 139). Paintings thus represents nature in its very finer details unlike science which was both mechanical in thinking and execution. Professions based on open thinking were much better as compared to those which were based on routines. Leonardo DaVinci views painting as a vital delicate process that commences with simple ideas that are nurtured to complex presentation and thus etched to brain more permanently than sciences (Baumer 139). Golden Theory T he philosopher believes that life is a process composed of activities that are similar and repetitive in nature as depicted by spiral patterns appearing in a floral arrangement (Olsen 12). He conceptualizes human life to that of a flower. Young individuals have limited involvement with other members of a society. During the youthful stage, an individual has a lot of potential as there is plenty of association with the society. At later stages in life again interaction mimics the pattern taken during the young stage where interactions are limited. There is great importance when people within the society however much they differ in roles, may unite for the sole purpose of executing a worthy course. Their work should be as prudent as the shinning of a flower. Thomas Biley A member of Cambridge religious reformers, Biley noticed double speak in the Papal system which advocated for salvation through good deeds, whereas the lives of their clergies depicted otherwise. The Papal church was a centre of falsehood meant for recognition rather than building of Christian lives (Baumer 176). We are all equal before God irrespective of our status and we all must repent our sins to God for the purposes of sanctification (Baumer 177). Concerning spiritual holiness, he advocates that Christians base their faith on doctrines of God rather than works of man who is skewed in the teachings for own sake (Baumer 177). He summarizes by acknowledging that anything done by human beings without God’s intervention is void (Baumer 178).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Philosophers: Martin Luther, Erasmus, Leonardo Davinci and Thomas Biley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Baumer, Franklin Le Van. Main Currents of Western Thought. (4th Ed). New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1978. Print.Olsen, Scott. The Golden Section: Nature’s Greatest Secret. New York: Walker, 2006. Print. This essay on Modern Philosophers: Martin Luther, Erasmus, Leonardo Davinci and Thomas Biley was written and submitted by user Carl J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Boorstin Critique Essay

Boorstin Critique Essay Boorstin Critique Essay William Smith Modern American History Boorstin Critique 29JAN09 American History has been presented in many forms. Students today often receive it in a textbook format or something of that sort. The writing style and format is usually based on giving facts is succession, thus leaving the reader disconnected from history learning. These textbooks are based on a broad fact timeline; they ignore the smaller revolutions that do not occur on battlefields. The Americans: The Democratic Experience by Daniel Boorstin does something different. It brings the reader into American History and allows him to understand the little things that shaped American life. Boorstin has written an interesting book that allows the reader look at American History in an atypical way. The book’s strengths and weaknesses engaged me in a unique way, compared to the styles presented to me in my previous experience. Boorstin begins the book with a fascinating thesis that ultimately explains his presiding theme. I found this thesis to be interesting because of its unordin ary take on an ordinary theme of history. Many history textbooks simply base their content on each major revolution that occurred in the time period they wish to analyze. Common history books provide a chronology of events that often ignore individuals and community feeling, while focusing on government or majority leaders. Boorstin’s thesis states that he will not be doing this. He takes the ordinary theme of revolution and surprisingly chooses to focus on the smaller, more subtle revolutions that occurred in places that you could find all over America. He argues that the changes that occurred in the country happened in places you would not think to look. This fact provided me with a hook, being that he intended to explain what it felt like to be an American rather than simply providing a timeline. The next step for me was to discover if the evidence was there, and feel history in a different way. Boorstin proves his points in a very persuasive way. He takes a specific idea or theory and gives many examples to prove it or strengthen it. For example, his main theory of American Gos of this include, Rockefeller, G. Stanley Hall, John Dewey,

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Accorgersi

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Accorgersi Conjugation table for the Italian verb  accorgersi accorgersi: to notice, realize, be aware ofIrregular second-conjugation Italian verbReflexive verb  (requires a  reflexive pronoun) INDICATIVE/INDICATIVO Presente io mi accorgo tu ti accorgi lui, lei, Lei si accorge noi ci accorgiamo voi vi accorgete loro, Loro si accorgono Imperfetto io mi accorgevo tu ti accorgevi lui, lei, Lei si accorgeva noi ci accorgevamo voi vi accorgevate loro, Loro si accorgevano Passato remoto io mi accorsi tu ti accorgesti lui, lei, Lei si accorse noi ci accorgemmo voi vi accorgeste loro, Loro si accorsero Futuro semplice io mi accorger tu ti accorgerai lui, lei, Lei si accorger noi ci accorgeremo voi vi accorgerete loro, Loro si accorgeranno Passato prossimo io mi sono accorto/a tu ti sei accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si accorto/a noi ci siamo accorti/e voi vi siete accorti/e loro, Loro si sono accorti/e Trapassato prossimo io mi ero accorto/a tu ti eri accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si era accorto/a noi ci eravamo accorti/e voi vi eravate accorti/e loro, Loro si erano accorti/e Trapassato remoto io mi fui accorto/a tu ti fosti accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si fu accorto/a noi ci fummo accorti/e voi vi foste accorti/e loro, Loro si furono accorti/e Future anteriore io mi sar accorto/a tu ti sarai accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sar accorto/a noi ci saremo accorti/e voi vi sarete accorti/e loro, Loro si saranno accorti/e SUBJUNCTIVE/CONGIUNTIVO Presente io mi accorga tu ti accorga lui, lei, Lei si accorga noi ci accorgiamo voi vi accorgiate loro, Loro si accorgano Imperfetto io mi accorgessi tu ti accorgessi lui, lei, Lei si accorgesse noi ci accorgessimo voi vi accorgeste loro, Loro si accorgessero Passato io mi sia accorto/a tu ti sia accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sia accorto/a noi ci siamo accorti/e voi vi siate accorti/e loro, Loro si siano accorti/e Trapassato io mi fossi accorto/a tu ti fossi accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si fosse accorto/a noi ci fossimo accorti/e voi vi foste accorti/e loro, Loro si fossero accorti/e CONDITIONAL/CONDIZIONALE Presente io mi accorgerei tu ti accorgeresti lui, lei, Lei si accorgerebbe noi ci accorgeremmo voi vi accorgereste loro, Loro si accorgerebbero Passato io mi sarei accorto/a tu ti saresti accorto/a lui, lei, Lei si sarebbe accorto/a noi ci saremmo accorti/e voi vi sareste accorti/e loro, Loro si sarebbero accorti/e IMPERATIVE/IMPERATIVO Presente - accorgiti, si accorga, accorgiamoci, accorgetevi, si accorgano INFINITIVE/INFINITO Presente - accorgersi Passato - essersi accorto PARTICIPLE/PARTICIPIO Presente - accorgentesi Passato - accortosi GERUND/GERUNDIO Presente - accorgendosi Passato - essendosi accorto Italian Verbs    Italian Verbs: Auxiliary verbs, reflexive verbs, and the use of various tenses. Verb conjugations, definitions, and examples. Italian Verbs For Beginners: Reference guide to Italian verbs.

An Animals Place by Michael Pollan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Animals Place by Michael Pollan - Essay Example The paper tells that Michael Pollan introduces the interesting case of animal liberation at a time when eating animals, wearing animals, experimenting on animals, killing animals for sport etc have become common practices for humanity. The author has been highly effective in introducing the arguments of the people working for the liberation of animals. In a profound investigation of the arguments of people who plead for animal liberation, the author maintains that the most difficult animal rights challenge is posed by the killing of animals for meat and clothing. To Michael Pollan, the vexed question of animal suffering is whether human interest in eating animals outweighs their interest in not being eaten. â€Å"Whether our interest in eating animals outweighs their interest in not being eaten (assuming for the moment that is their interest) turns on the vexed question of animal suffering. Vexed, because it is impossible to know what really goes on in the mind of a cow or a pig or even an ape. Strictly speaking, this is true of other humans, too, but since humans are all basically wired the same way, we have excellent reason to assume that other people’s experience of pain feels much like our own.† Therefore, a reflective analysis of the article by Michael Pollan confirms that the author has been effective in examining the various aspects of the arguments made by the supporters of animal liberation and his major counter argument is that they reveal a profound ignorance about the workings of nature.

Motivational Methods Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivational Methods Paper - Assignment Example However, despite setting up individual rewards, there will be a reward for the whole team if it achieves the set objectives. This will ensure that the team members do not concentrate just on individual performance, an aspect that would affect the overall performance of the team. Team achievements will be celebrated through employee-of-the-month awards. In addition, in some cases, the team will take time off and spend time together outside the work setting (Rigolosi, 2013). During this time, the team will celebrate the achievement of the goals through partying. This will bring the team members together and motivate them to take up the next task. Employees have different grievances that affect their levels of motivation. Constant disagreements demoralize them, an aspect that lowers their performances in the organization. In order to increase their motivation levels, I will introduce the open office policy and various employees’ benefits. The subordinates are a very rich source of information. They are the ones that interact with the patients daily. Therefore, when they are demotivated, they fail to pass the critical information concerning the service delivery to the top managers. Therefore, in order to increase the level of motivation in the team, all team members will be free to meet the top-level managers at any time without the use of intermediaries. This will be an important aspect in ensuring that all issues that might affect the performance of the employees are dealt with before they get out of hand. In addition, personal issues that require unique solutions will be addressed without the information being passed to any third party. This will play a significant role in motivating the employees to work harder towards the success of the organization. On the other hand, team members are constantly disturbed when they are not insured in terms of health. Therefore, the organization will provide insurance benefits to the employees.

Hotplate Wind and Rain Sensor Essay Example for Free

Hotplate Wind and Rain Sensor Essay By keeping the two heated plates at a constant set point temperature it is possible to measure the power necessary to maintain this temperature. The change in power over time needed to maintain this state can be equated with wind removing heat from the plates. We can also evaporate water off one of the plates and measure the work done by the system in evaporation. The further energy required by this plate for water evaporation when measured will constitute a rain sensor. These plates will from now on be referred to as the rain plate or top plate and the wind plate or bottom plate. If the bottom plate is kept dry while being exposed to the wind it can effectively act as a reference plate to evaluate how much extra work is being done to the plate exposed to the rain also. The plates can be seen as a point source in terms of wind exposure since the heated area is small, being ~35mm*65mm. By measuring the work done on the bottom plate from some initial reference point an estimate of the cooling effect of the wind on the plate can be made, e. g. f it takes 10W/hr to maintain a temperature of 25 °C in a dry wind free environment of 20 °C and it takes 2W/hr to maintain a temp of 21 °C in the same environment then in this case if there is an additional 2W/hr used in the system we can say that a wind chill factor of –1 is present. By using a chart of wind chill factors and an equation to calculate the wind chill velocities we can estimate the win d speed. The current standard equation describing wind chill is: Ideally this equation can be solved with a temperature reading derived from the wind plate and compared to a chart of wind chill factors to find a velocity value. The problem with this approach for laboratory purposes is that the equations results becomes unreliable for temperatures above about 10 °C and since all experimental readings were conducted at room temperature i. e. ~23 °C it was difficult to use this method satisfactorily. For the evaporation of rain the latent heat of evaporation or enthalpy of evaporation of water DHvap is tabulated and has been measured as 100 °C40. 657 kJ/mol 80 °C41. 585 kJ/mol Assuming that at 90 ° the value is 41kJ/mol and that the molecular mass of water is 18. 01508 gram/mol then using this value we can say that: If we also take into account the temperature of the Aluminium tray and the heat it passes to the water then we should get an estimate for how long it will take the system to evaporate 1ml of water. For the Al tray the specific heat is taken as 938J/kg/ °K and the temperature drops by about 8 °C when 1ml of water is applied. Using where m = 10. 7*10-3 kg , c = 938 J/kg/ °K , dT = 8 ° giving the energy imparted to the water by the Aluminium trays QAl = 80J By dividing the DHvap of the rainwater by the energy supplied by the plates we should get an estimate of the time it will take to evaporate 1ml of water from the plates. Since the time taken for the plate to reheat to its 90 ° set point value is included in the measurements it is unnecessary to include the heat transferred by the Aluminium plates in the estimates. Thus Since 1g of water  » 1ml of water it’s a good estimate to say this is the time the system will take to evaporate 0. 416mm of rain. The conversion rate of 1ml of water = 0. 416mm rain or 2. 4ml of water = 1mm of rain is based on the dimensions of the Aluminium trays which have a capacity of 12ml and a depth of 5mm. 412s/ml turns out to be a slightly high estimate for the time the system takes to evaporate 1ml of water. This is possibly due to impurities in the Aluminium trays, which can lead to increased thermal emissivity. Also impurities in the water can lead to a lower density and lower latent heat. 3INSTRUMENTATION, HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 3. 1Hardware The initial hardware in the lab was inadequate although it provided a good copy of what is probably used in similar commercial applications. There were 2 x 2cm2 Aluminium plates which were heated by small power resistors, model RF2222. These were switched by the IRF510 0. 5? rectifier mosfets, which were inset in series with 47K? resistors to reduce overheating. Both circuit loops were wired in parallel to a single power source, i. e. while each switch had its own individual digital logic voltage of 5v or 0v, the hotplates shared one power source. This made it difficult to establish which plates were active and to distinguish them from one another. Another problem with this initial circuit setup was the inadequate size of the hotplates themselves. They were too small to attach the thermocouple devices to and too flat to collect rain in since they were only flat Aluminium. These were replaced with 2 Aluminium trays which had an area of 275 mm2 , an inside depth of 5mm, a total volume of ~12. ml each and masses of 10. 70g for the top tray and 12. 35g for the bottom tray respectively. Figure 1 Detail of the Aluminium Trays and Hot plates Figure 2 shows a block diagram for the final circuit design. Figure 2 Block Diagram for the Hot plate Circuit The first change made was to replace the power resistors with 2 DBK 30W hotplates with 5. 5W/m2 heat output. These are aluminium plates heated with nichrome wire wrapped in a tubular pattern inside them. They are available in a wide range of operating modes, both ac and dc and with various power and temperature ratings. For this project I chose the HP03-1/08-24 model since they have a maximum power drain of 30W and operate at DC voltages between 12—24V. Testing them with a voltmeter showed them to have a variable resistance. They recorded a maximum of 100W at their peak temperatures and 10W at their minimum. The circuits were redesigned so that each loop had its own individual power source. This was done to more accurately measure the activity of each plate. With a separate current and voltage indicator for each plate it was easier to determine which plate was drawing power, how much and when. It also helped overcome problems of inadequate power supply to the plates, which could demand a current in excess of 2A when heating initially due to their low resistance at that stage. The IRF510 mosfet switches in series with a 49KW resistor were later replaced with lower resistance IRFZ34N rectifiers which had a lower resistance of 0. 04? compared to 0. 5W for the IRF510 to reduce heating which was occurring in them in the initial heating phase of the plates when the system was switched on. These were added to the circuit in series with a 3. 9KW resistor. The purpose of these resistances was to avoid overheating in the mosfets causing thermal breakdown. During this phase the power to the plates was a maximum as the plate resistance was lowest ~10?. In addition the power drain was continuous until they reached their set temperature so the amount of time they were switched off was a minimum. Once they reach the set point temperature they then began switching and so the continuous on time for each one was reduced. It was this time difference along with the temperature difference of the plates that was measured in this experiment. The temperature at the Aluminium measurement surfaces was measured by 2 type-j thermocouples, which were connected to the PC via the USB-TC data acquisition unit. Aluminium trays were attached to the hotplates using a nylon clip and screws and the thermocouple devices were attached to the same side of these trays further down to measure the temperature of the Aluminium trays as opposed to the temperature of the hotplates. Digital outputs on the USB-TC unit were in turn connected to the mosfet rectifiers, which switched the power supply to the plates on and off. In this way the temperature at the plates was to be maintained at a set point assigned in the software on the PC. A third thermocouple was used to record the ambient temperature in order to help accommodate calibration of the system. Rain and wind were simulated using a dropper and a spray atomiser for rain while an air pump and a hot air paint stripper were used to simulate wind. In one sample I used ice as a rain source although the data from this may be inconclusive due to difficulties measuring the quantity of ice used. Visual estimation was the only way to measure it and trying to find a 1cm3. It should also be mentioned that neither the dropper nor the atomiser represent very accurate measurement sources with errors I estimate of about  ±0. 5ml. A Velocicalc handheld anemometer was used to measure the wind speeds produced by the wind sources. 3. 2Software Initial work was done on existing VIs (Virtual Instruments) that came packaged with the USB-TC device. These included simple programs to configure the digital ports on the device and to take a reading from an analogue thermocouple port. These helped me understand the workings of Labview and in particular the objects that would be pertinent to my project. The VI developed for the wind and rain sensors in Labview worked on a timed loop basis. The outer loop was timed at the same frequency as the analogue thermocouple inputs to avoid duplicating readings in the data log file. Inside this a second loop was used to continuously change the value at the digital output ports. Depending on the output value of the PID controller a further PID analysis tool would output a Boolean value thus switching the plates on or off. This allowed much more frequent changes to the plates on/off states thus allowing more accurate control of the plates. In order to get accurate time reading for the on/off states of the plates I set them to default off in the outside loop, this meant that in each 0. 5 sec loop iteration the maximum amount of time a plate could be active was 0. 4 sec. This meant that while the system was slower to reach its set point temperature it was less prone to overshooting the set point. This was an improvement on the initial VI that was only capable of switching at the same frequency as the analogue ports and was prone to overshoot the set point temperature by about 1.  °C 2 °C. In contrast the system now recorded average temperatures ~ 0. 5 °C below the set point. The software recorded all data to an excel file which was named arbitrarily according to the timestamp on the machine at the sample start time, e. g. hotplate_data_200713021234. xls. These files recorded about 7200 records per hr and were about 0. 5mb in size before any data analysis. Each file contains rows of readings, which contain a timest amp in milliseconds and 3 temperature readings, top plate, bottom plate and ambient room temperature. Figure 3 shows the time taken to evaporate 1ml of ice over a 10-minute period with the data showing a minimum temperature recorded of 70. 005 °C. The unusual low recorded on the bottom plate is due to the sample being taken before the plate had reached its set point temperature and can be ignored. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the difference between 1ml of water where the plates can maintain 90 °C in a wind free environment and 1ml of water in a windy environment where the maximum rain plate temperature reached was 83 °C with the rain evaporating at ~69 °C. In both cases it takes less then 400 sec to evaporate the water despite the difference in temperatures at which the plates are operating in each case. It took ~300 sec in the wind free environment to evaporate the water and in the second scenario approx 350 sec. This time difference may have been primarily due to the cooling effect of the wind on the heating element of the rain plate. Figure 1 shows the gap between the plates that allowed the wind to act on the back of the rain plate. In this case I did tilt the plates towards the wind source slightly at an angle of ~10 ° to the horizontal so both plates were exposed to the wind source. This will have had an inevitable effect on both plate temperatures. In a real implementation of a system like this the back of the plates would be thermally isolated with some kind of insulating material thus giving more credence to the results and what they imply in terms of weather effects. However the difference in base temperature can be seen clearly in the second part of Figure 5 where the plates operate at a difference of ~5 °C due to the wind. In this instance the measured wind difference between the plates was 1m/s and with a wind temperature of 25 °C. In this case the wind speeds measured using the Velocicalc were 0. 26m/s at the rain plate, 1. 26m/s at the bottom plate and 3. 52m/s at the ambient temperature thermocouple, which was located about 5cm left of the plates. Average82. 5859389. 4717824. 44208 Min70. 00585. 30724. 179 Max90. 24990. 46624. 67 Figure 3 Ice sample 1ml 10 minutes sample Average83. 9734689. 6681423. 80404 Min72. 47588. 76123. 696 Max90. 36990. 44823. 991 Figure 4 Dropper sample 1ml 10 minutes Average84. 644385. 5546425. 30292 min63. 73476. 00623. 51 max90. 28390. 48229. 856 Figure 5 Dropper sample 10 minutes 1ml with wind source It is also interesting to see that the minimum temperature reached in water was 72. 475 °C as compared to 70 °C for ice and 63. 734 °C for water in windy conditions. This shows that maintaining set point against wind speed will be a strong factor in the power drain of a real system. I took several groups of readings over one-hour intervals and with different quantities of water to try and establish the linearity of the evaporation rate of the system. I also wished to compare the different behavior of the plates due to different methods of applying the water. This would correlate to light drizzle and driving rain in terms of weather conditions. To do this I took half of the measurements with a dropper syringe and half with a perfume atomizer. In this case it could be seen that the surface area of the water particles have a distinct effect on the time taken to evaporate them. Although it is also possible that applying the water with the atomizer may have led to some of the samples missing the tray or evaporating before they contacted the tray, the figures do show an apparent difference in effects.

Forgotten People of the Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

Forgotten People of the Blue Highways Journeying along the back roads of the blue highways of the road maps, William Least Heat Moon discovers the forgotten people of America in Blue Highways. In the beginning, his trip seems to be motivated by anger and disillusion. But when readers look deeper into the story, they see that Least Heat Moon focuses the attention on how to "climb out of a world which he realized was impersonal and materialistic" (Lyons 63). By avoiding the large cities, he focuses his attention on the forgotten civilizations. His ability to convey feelings with his storytelling doesn't commercialize the people or the stories. According to one critic, "Least Heat Moon has the judgment to step aside and let them tell their own often remarkable stories in their own words" (Perrin, 858). By mapping out his route, Least Heat Moon goes full circle from his hometown of Columbia Missouri to Othello, New Jersey, and back. Feeling as if his life is going nowhere, Least Heat Moon starts his journ ey in the middle of America. Throughout the novel, t...

Emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhism is an orthopraxy where identity comes from implementing â€Å"correct† behavior, rather than orthodoxy where identity is found through â€Å"correct† beliefs. Mahayana Buddhism, termed â€Å"the Great Way† is essentially a vision of what Buddhism is really about. Although the permeation of Mahayana was harmless, the status of the sutras was constantly disputed. From the very onset of Buddhism, the concepts of Self/not-Self and dependent arising were prominent and fundamental. The Not-Self teaching has been considered by Buddhists to be the unique breakthrough of the Buddha, the discovery that solidifies his superiority over other teachers.According to the Buddha, for something to be characterized as â€Å"Self,† it would not lead to suffering, it would have to be permanent, and also it would obey the person of whom it is the Self. If something were to be a Self, it certainly must be controllable and conducive to happiness; or at least not conduciv e to suffering. Furthermore, in contemplating the existence of a Self, he stresses that the five plausible candidates for â€Å"Self† (the five aggregates) in fact cannot be the Self because they do not meet these criteria. These five aggregates (form, sensation, conception, disposition, consciousness) are certainly not permanent.They could be considered analogous to a tornado in that they arise from certain conditions and circumstances and are not extractable from the environment in which they occur. Any part of our psychophysical make-up, anything that can be classified under one of the five groups, cannot fit the description of a Self and therefore they are all not Self. In response to claims of having found an unchanging Self, the Buddha asserts that if there is at all a Self, it is only a result of the coming together of causal conditions (dependent origination). In this case, it could not be permanent, and therefore could not be a Self.Through further analysis and insig ht meditation after the death of the Buddha, the five aggregates were seen to be dissolvable into simpler elements. This sort of investigation came to encompass not only the psychophysical aggregates associated with beings, but everything in the universe as well. These elements (dharmas) are irreducible to any further factors or sources. The Buddhist school of Sarvastivada held a definitive distinction between the way dharmas exist as ‘primary existents’ and the way complex entities (secondary existents) exist essentially as constructions of dharmas.The name Sarvastivada itself means â€Å"the doctrine that all exist,† and this school introduces the notion of the own-existence of the dharma. Regardless if a dharma is past, present, or future, it nevertheless still exists. These dharmas are ultimate truths. Primary existents must be the terminating point of analysis, and must not arise dependently the way people, tables, and chairs do. Thus, secondary existents la ck this inherent existence. The Prajnaparamita is the earliest form of literature known to be specifically Mahayana; paramita meaning perfection and prajna meaning wisdom.In Buddhist terminology, to have prajna is to encompass an understanding that distinguishes how things actually are from how things seem to be. In the abhidharma setting, prajna is used to determine the value of primary existents (dharmas), which are distinguishable from conceptual constructs. Perfection of wisdom (Prajnaparamita) does not imply the wrongness of what had previously been considered to be wisdom, but rather its perfection. The perfection of prajna is the final, proper understanding of the way things truly are.Mahayana philosophers felt the nature of the Abhidharma to be too objective and systematic. Characteristically, these sutras are not methodically philosophical nor do they imply doctrinal adherence. The texts entail clear messages that are illustrated repetitively and can be seen as messages tha t aim to urge or advise those in the non-Mahayana world. As we have seen from pre-Mahayana philosophy, secondary existents are in essence ‘empty’ of primary existence, empty of own-existence. In this sense, all things such as people, sand, grass, the ocean, etc. re empty not only of Self, but also of primary existence. In agreement with these Abhidharma texts, there then must exist things that indeed have primary existence in order to contrast them to secondary existents that are empty of such a quality. However, the Prajnaparamita sutras do not heed this theory. These Mahayana sutras claim that absolutely all things have the same status as people, sand, tables, etc because they are all constructs that cannot be grasped. They claim that everything is empty, and that all things are conceptual constructs lacking own-existence.In the eyes of the Mahayana philosophers, to claim that there is own-existence in a way that emphasizes the how essential the dharmas are in the Abh idharma seems too methodical. It makes the dharmas themselves suitable to become objects of attachment. Instead, the dharmas should be used the way the raft was used in the parable told by the Buddha in the Alagaddupama Sutra. They should be used as tools that are let go of after use; they should not be clung to. Suffering is the result of attachment, so to grasp to the dharmas is to imply suffering.One cannot become attached to these things because to attach is to miss enlightenment. In this way, ceasing attachment involves seeing sources of attachment (people, for instance) as empty. One cannot avoid attachment as long as they see a contrast between primary existents and conceptual existents. In the Heart Sutra, the bodhisattva explains that after engaging in deep meditation on the perfection of wisdom, bodhisattvas fully awaken to a state of complete liberation and perfect enlightenment.The bodhisattva explains to the inquiring Sariputra that the perfection of wisdom involves see ing that the five aggregates are empty, as well as the dharmas that make up these aggregates. Dharmas are not fundamental; they are merely intellectual constructs just as are people and trees. The Sutra illustrates that all beings, things, and ideas, which we experience as â€Å"real†, have no inherent existence and this â€Å"reality† is merely a construction of the mind. Dharmas, too, are empty and do not ossess the specific characteristics that they have previously been associated with. Nothing comes to be as an inherently existing entity, and therefore nothing can cease. Likewise, nothing is complete or incomplete. The bodhisattva specifically states, â€Å"form is emptiness; emptiness is form. Emptiness is not other than form, form is not other than emptiness. † This is logical because if nothing at all inherently exists, things and concepts such as â€Å"form† and â€Å"emptiness† are one and the same. Emptiness itself is empty because it doe s not inherently exist.The bodhisattva also references the 12 stages of dependent origination and the four noble truths in order to solidify that they too lack inherent existence and are empty. Nothing in existence is separate from anything. The Diamond Sutra speaks repetitively about quantity of merit. The idea of repeating four lines of this Sutra is illustrated over and over again, with the message that teaching just four lines to another person would generate an incalculable amount of merit. In relation to this merit, the sutra places a strong emphasis on the idea of giving without becoming attached to any related notion.The only way to achieve limitless merit is to selflessly give in this way. The Buddha tells Subhuti that those on the bodhisattva path should have this thought: â€Å"However many living beings are comprised in the total aggregation of living beings†¦I should bring all of them to the final extinction in the realm of extinction without substrate remaining. † Essentially, the Buddha is stressing the act of enabling all beings to reach Nirvana-without-remainder and, in doing so, surpassing the cycle of continuous death and rebirth.However, for this to be accomplished, one cannot dwell on the notion of having helped all of those beings. The Buddha goes on to say that after he has brought all of them to final extinction, no living being has been brought to extinction. That is because to give like this reveals the emptiness of giving. Since all of these beings are empty of Self, while all of them have been brought to nirvana, at the same time no one has been brought to nirvana. The mind must be free of thoughts of ‘self’ as opposed to ‘others. ’ There should be no identified â€Å"giver† or â€Å"receiver† or â€Å"gift. Such an act would yield the highest merit in giving. The end of the Sutra contains the verse â€Å"an illusion, a drop of dew, a bubble, a dream, a lightning’s flashâ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬  in order to indicate the insubstantiality, or the emptiness, of the world. Like the Heart Sutra, the Diamond Sutra also stresses that everyday reality is like an illusion. Paradoxical phrases similar to â€Å"what is called the highest teaching is not the highest teaching† are used frequently to emphasize that the two ideas are inseparable because they are both empty.The Buddha attempts to help Subhuti â€Å"unlearn† the preconceived notions that he has about reality and perception. The distinction between arhats and bodhisattvas is clear; and Subhuti learns that the bodhisattva’s compassion is not calculable. The Diamond Sutra asserts that there is nothing in the world that is unchanging, nor is there anything that independently exists, therefore everything is empty. A life without attachment means a peaceful life in emptiness. This teaching of emptiness was frightening for some, because it seems very similar to nihilism in the way that it encourag es such deep letting go.Nagarjuna’s explanations of the perfection of wisdom claim that all things seem to be illusions was by showing that all things are without their own-existence. In previous Abhidharma terms, a primary existent is an irreducible into which a secondary existent can be analysed. In a way, to be a primary existent is not necessarily unrelated to causes and conditions, so it does not necessarily have â€Å"own-existence. † Nagarjuna’s view is that the concept of svabhava must boil down from that of â€Å"own existence† to â€Å"inherent existence† that is fully self-contained and is not bestowed upon it from any other sources.Inherent/intrinsic existence means independence from the causal process that characterizes secondary existence. Dharmas are irreducible, but are still the result of causes. Svabhava should be the equivalent of existing on its own, which is independent of the causal process. While he holds that there could sti ll be a distinction between primary and secondary existents, anything that is the result of conditions must be nihsvabhava, empty. Emptiness here is understood to be the middle way between nihilism and eternalism.He says that all things are empty of independent existence because all things arise dependently on conditions that are out of their own power, even primary existents. Nagarjuna declares emptiness whenever anything is found to be the result of causes of any sort. He claims that the alternative to emptiness is inherent existence. Moreover, Nagarjuna asserts that emptiness is also dependent on things. Emptiness is the lack of inherent existence of a table, for example. If there were no table, consequently there could not be an emptiness of the table.In this way, emptiness exists in dependence upon that which is empty. By definition, as originated dependently on something, emptiness itself is accordingly empty as well. Another new concept introduced by Nagarjuna is the doctrine of two truths. This doctrine differentiates between conventional truth and ultimate truth, both of which co-exist. An ultimate truth is something resistant to analysis, such as a primary existent. Conventional truth is how things really or ultimately are, or what is found in analysis when searching for primary existence.Essentially, what is found is the lack of primary existence, emptiness. Once a Mahayana follower understands these truths, he can engage in the world for the benefit of others with complete compassion. Nagarjuna applies analytic investigation to principal Buddhist ideas. The assertions of complete emptiness as presented in the Prajnaparamita sutras as â€Å"like an illusion† are demonstrated through his investigations. Nagarjuna introduces the approach of taking a category that can withstand analysis and analyze it.He says that there cannot be causation, because it cannot be explained between a cause and effect that are the same. Finally, Nagarjuna makes a cl arifying point that the Prajnaparamita sutras fail to address. He says, â€Å"Emptiness is not a way of looking at something. It is the quality of that thing which is its very absence of inherent existence. † This is his way of explaining that emptiness is a way of looking at things, it is an adjective, and it certainly is not nihilism.

Marketing Research- Starbucks vs. Coffee Beans Essay

Market segmentation is defined as the process of dividing a market into distinct subsets of consumers with common needs or characteristics and selecting one or more segments to target with a distinct marketing mix (Schiffman, Bednall, Cowley, O’Cass, Watson and Kanuk, 2001). Different companies have different abilities that enable them to serve their target market better, which is why some companies choose to focus much of their attention to specific segments. Starbucks primarily chooses to focus on the demographics, psychographics and lifestyle of their customers. It is with the information gathered regarding these segments that Starbucks can better serve its customers. Demographics are things such as age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and income. Starbucks targets both males and females, mainly 18-30 year olds, but really does cater for everybody’s needs. And because young children don’t usually drink coffee, Starbucks offers a range of non-coffee beverages to cater for the whole family. Hanging out in Starbucks gives the impression of being very with it and most of the people you see sitting in the stores exude a certain coolness and give off the image of having some sort of social status, with lots of money to spare. Starbucks customers are mainly in their final years of high school, in university or just starting to work. But whatever it is, they all have had a good education, and if they do have a job, it almost certainly includes a big income as well. Demographics help to locate a target market and this information is often the most accessible and cost effective way to identify a target market (Schiffman et al, 2001). Even though factors such as personality and behaviour are often first used to define a market segment, the consumer’s demographic characteristics must be known in order to assess the size of the target market and to reach it efficiently (Schiffman et al, 2001). Psychographics are based on the consumer’s activities, interests and opinions, so it’s basically how they spend their time, what their preferences and priorities are and how they feel about events and issues. Psychographic research is closely related to psychological research, and  especially when it comes to personality and attitude measurement. This form of applied consumer research has proved to be a valuable marketing tool that helps identify consumer segments that are likely to be responsive to specific marketing messages (Schiffman et al, 2001). Starbucks is very heavily involved in charity and the arts, and is making significant efforts to be a socially and environmentally responsible company. For example, Starbucks actively participates in AIDS benefits, and for every city that has a store, Starbucks sets up at least one shelter for the underprivileged children and donates money as well. By participating in various different positive causes and events, Starbucks gains a lot of favourable exposure. Starbucks has sponsored the Special Olympics, the hip Lilith Fair music festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, the International Film Festival in Washington DC and the Museum of Contemporary Art in LA. Just by looking at these examples, we can see that Starbucks aims to target and reach people who are generous and charitable, as well as people who like to have fun and enjoy the creative and entertaining side of life. Starbucks also has a strong commitment to the environment and the company’s policy to recycle and conserve wherever possible is exemplified by the 10% discount it provides to customers who reduce waste by using their own mugs or refillable coffee bags. Starbucks offers these discounts to help stimulate environmental responsibility amongst its customers. As Starbucks grows and reaches new markets, the company has made a commitment to continue to be a strong supporter of non-profit organisations and events in all communities. Consumer research has found evidence that within each of the social classes there is a constellation of specific lifestyle factors (shared beliefs, attitudes, activities and behaviours) that tend to distinguish the members of each class from the members of each class from the members of all other social classes (Schiffman et al, 2001). Starbucks sells a lifestyle, to both customers and employees, and has followed the successful examples of other big corporations such as Coke, Nike and Sony by linking its brand with all things â€Å"cool† and â€Å"in†. Starbucks has created a style and ambience that has infused a certain new  chic and appeal into coffee, an age-old beverage, making it the hippest drink of today. Starbucks chooses to associate itself with all things bustling, active and vigourous. That is why locations of all the stores are carefully selected for convenience and Starbucks specifically targets places that are heavy with pedestrian street traffic. Some of the places that you would find a Starbucks, either in the form of a large store or a just a small kiosk (both ideal for just popping in for a quick take away coffee or for a nice light lunch break) would be at shopping centres, airport terminals and supermarket foyers, which are all places that are always hectic and filled to the brim with people who have busy lifestyles and are always on the go. Starbucks competes directly against specialty coffees sold at retail through supermarkets, specialty retails, and a growing number of other specialty coffee stores. In addition, Starbucks competes for whole bean coffee sales with franchise operators and independent specialty coffee stores. In virtually every major metropolitan area were Starbucks operates and expects to expand there are local or regional competitors with substantial market presence in the specialty coffee business. But Starbucks’ biggest competitor in the coffee industry is the Coffee Bean. Coffee Bean was started by Herbert B. Hyman in 1963 in California and became the pioneers in retailing whole bean coffee and loose tea leaves. Coffee Bean are the oldest importers, roasters and multi retailers of specialty coffee and tea in the United States. Like Starbucks, Coffee Bean offers a diverse range of original coffee, ice blends and roast styles as well as four varieties of daily brews including flavoured pre-ground coffee. Another similarity with Starbucks is that Coffee Bean also has a large offering of food and beverages that appeal to all age groups from all walks of life. In terms of needs, motivation and personality, Coffee Bean is all about building meaningful and respectful relationships with customers by finding or concocting a flavour for them. Coffee Bean will also toast your bagels, heat your pastries and personalise and custom make the drink or blend just  the way you would like it. With perception, Coffee Bean is a big believer in teamwork (just like Starbucks) as they feel that success is achieved by working together. Coffee Bean staff are friendly, and maintain amicable relationships between customers and each other. The employees have respect for each other’s values, opinions and individual personalities and are honest and truthful to themselves and each other. Another similarity with Starbucks is that Coffee Bean is actively involved with helping communities and make it their mission to develop the most complete community based programs around. As well as donating gift baskets, gift certificates, coupons, coffees and teas, Coffee Bean will gladly consider a donation to any organisation for various charitable events that directly benefit local community programs and local schools. Due to the phenomenal growth of the international coffee market, Coffee Bean has decided to solely concentrate on international franchises at the moment. Unlike Starbucks, who have a target mass market being the United States, most of the Coffee Bean outlets are in Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Taiwan etc.) and the Middle East (Israel, United Arab Emirates, Dubai etc.) Unlike Coffee Bean, Starbucks does not personalise their coffees or have different products to suit different countries’ tastes. Coffee Bean offers more food meals (pastas, soups,) and not only light meals (sandwiches, pastries, desserts) like Starbucks. Starbucks allows other distributors to sell its coffee, but Coffee Bean does not and Starbucks is affiliated with things such as the Herald Sun Newspaper and Hear Music. And the main advantage that Starbucks has over Coffee Bean is it’s effective use of celebrity appeal, which is a form of reference group

Profile of Charlton Heston, Gun Rights Movement Icon

Profile of Charlton Heston, Gun Rights Movement Icon As an actor, Charlton Heston appeared in some of the most notable films of his time. But he may best be remembered as the most visible president in the National Rifle Association’s history, guiding the gun lobbying group through a five-year period that saw gun rights take center stage in Washington, D.C. Along the way, his statements were responsible for igniting a phrase that would become a rallying cry for gun owners: â€Å"You can have my guns when you take them from my cold, dead hands.† Surprisingly, the man who hoisted a rifle above his head at the 2000 NRA Convention in defiance of the perceived anti-gun policies of Democrat presidential nominee Al Gore was once a staunch supporter of gun control legislation. Heston’s Support for Gun Control By the time President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, Charlton Heston had become a household name, starring as Moses in the 1956 film The Ten Commandments and as Judah Ben Hur in 1959’s Ben Hur. Heston campaigned for Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election and became critical of lax gun laws in the aftermath of Kennedy’s assassination. He joined fellow Hollywood stars Kirk Douglas, Gregory Peck, and James Stewart in support of the Gun Control Act of 1968, the most restrictive piece of gun legislation in more than 30 years. Appearing on ABC’s The Joey Bishop Show two weeks after U.S. Sen. Robert Kennedy was assassinated in 1968, Heston read from a prepared statement: â€Å"This bill is no mystery. Let’s be clear about it. Its purpose is simple and direct. It is not to deprive the sportsman of his hunting gun, the marksman of his target rifle, nor would it deny to any responsible citizen his constitutional right to own a firearm. It is to prevent the murder of Americans.† Later that year, actor-producer Tom Laughlin, chairman of the anti-gun group Ten Thousand Americans for Responsible Gun Control lamented in an edition of Film Television Daily that Hollywood stars had fallen from the gun control bandwagon, but listed Heston among a handful of diehard supporters who he said would stand by his side. Heston Changes Teams in the Gun Rights Debate Exactly when Heston changed his views on gun ownership is hard to pin down. In interviews after being elected president of the NRA, he was vague about his support of the 1968 Gun Control Act, saying only that he had made some â€Å"political mistakes.† Heston’s support for Republican politicians can be dated back as far as the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan. The two men shared many broad similarities: Hollywood A-Listers who supported Democrat Party policies early in their careers only to become stalwarts of the conservative movement. Reagan would later appoint Heston to co-chair a task force on arts and humanities. Over the next two decades, Heston became increasingly vocal in his support of conservative policies, in general, and on the Second Amendment, in particular. In 1997, Heston was elected to the NRA’s Board of Directors. One year later, he was elected president of the organization. Heston was vocally opposed to virtually any proposed measure of restricting gun ownership, from a mandatory five-day waiting period on handgun purchases to a limit of one gun purchase a month to mandatory trigger locks and the 1994 ban on assault weapons. â€Å"Teddy Roosevelt hunted in the last century with a semiautomatic rifle,† Heston once said in regards to proposals to ban semiautomatic firearms. â€Å"Most deer guns are semi-automatic. It’s become a demonized phrase. The media distorts that and the public ill understands it.† In 1997, he lambasted the National Press Club for the media’s role in the Assault Weapons Ban, saying reporters need to do their homework on semiautomatic weapons. In a speech to the club, he said: â€Å"For too long, you have swallowed manufactured statistics and fabricated technical support from anti-gun organizations that wouldnt know a semi-auto from a sharp stick. And it shows. You fall for it every time.† ‘From My Cold, Dead Hands’ During the height of the 2000 election season, Heston delivered a rousing speech at the NRA Convention in which he closed by invoking an old Second Amendment battle cry as he raised a vintage 1874 buffalo rifle over his head: â€Å"So, as we set out this year to defeat the divisive forces that would take freedom away, I want to say those fighting words for everyone within the sound of my voice to hear and to heed, and especially for you, (presidential candidate) Mr. (Al) Gore: From my cold, dead hands.’† The â€Å"cold, dead hands† saying did not originate with Heston. It had been around since the 1970s  when it was used as a slogan for literature and bumper stickers by gun rights activists. The slogan didn’t even originate with the NRA; it was first used by the Washington-based Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. But Heston’s usage of those five words in 2000 made them iconic. Gun owners across the nation began using the slogan as a rallying cry, saying, â€Å"You can have my guns when you take them from my cold, dead hands.† Heston is often incorrectly attributed with coining the phrase. When he resigned from the NRA presidency in 2003 due to his declining health, he again raised the rifle over his head and repeated, â€Å"From my cold, dead hands.† The Death of an Icon Heston was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1998, an illness he defeated. But a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s in 2003 would prove too much to overcome. He stepped down from his position as president of the NRA and died five years later, at the age of 84. At his death, he had appeared in more than 100 films. He and his wife, Lydia Clark, had been married 64 years. But Heston’s lasting legacy might be his five-year stint as president of the NRA. With the peak of his Hollywood career well behind him, Heston’s work with the NRA and his fierce pro-gun rights rhetoric earned him legendary status with a whole new generation.

Karl Marxs Greatest Hits

Karl Marx's Greatest Hits Karl Marx, born May 5, 1818, is considered one of the founding thinkers of sociology, along with Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Harriet Martineau. Though he lived and died before sociology was a discipline in its own right, his writings as a political-economist provided a still deeply important foundation for theorizing the relationship between economy and political power. In this post, we honor Marxs birth by celebrating some of his most important contributions to sociology. Marxs Dialectic Historical Materialism Marx is typically remembered for giving sociology a conflict theory of how society operates. He formulated this theory by first turning an important philosophical tenet of the day on its headthe Hegelian Dialectic. Hegel, a leading German philosopher during Marxs early studies, theorized that social life and society grew out of thought. Looking at the world around him, with the growing influence of capitalist industry on all other facets of society, Marx saw things differently. He inverted Hegels dialectic, and theorized instead that it is the existing forms of economy and productionthe material worldand our experiences within these that shape thought and consciousness. Of this, he wrote in  Capital, Volume 1, The ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the human mind, and translated into forms of thought. Core to all of his theory, this perspective became known as historical materialism. Base and Superstructure Marx gave sociology some important conceptual tools as he developed his historical materialist theory and method for studying society. In The German Ideology, written with Friedrich Engels,  Marx explained that society is divided into two realms: the base, and the superstructure. He defined the base as the material aspects of society: that which allow for production of goods. These include the means of productionfactories and material resourcesas well as the relations of production, or the relationships between people involved, and the distinct roles they play (like laborers, managers, and factory owners), as required by the system. Per his historical materialist account of history and how society functions, it is the base that determines the superstructure, whereby the superstructure is all other aspects of society, like our culture and ideology (world views, values, beliefs, knowledge, norms and expectations); social institutions like education, religion, and media; the political system; and even the identities we subscribe to. Class Conflict and Conflict Theory When looking at society this way, Marx saw that the distribution of power to determine how society functioned was structured in a top-down manner, and was tightly controlled by the wealthy minority who owned and controlled the means of production. Marx and Engels laid out this theory of class conflict in  The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848. They argued that the bourgeoisie, the minority in power, created class conflict by exploiting the labor power of the proletariat, the workers who made the system of production run by selling their labor to the ruling class. By charging far more for the goods produced than they paid the proletariats for their labor, the owners of the means of production earned profit. This arrangement was the basis of the capitalist economy at the time that Marx and Engels wrote, and it remains the basis of it today. Because wealth and power are unevenly distributed between these two classes, Marx and Engels argued that society is in a perpetual state of conflict, wherein the ruling class work to maintain the upper-hand over the majority working class, in order to retain their wealth, power, and overall advantage. (To learn the details of Marxs theory of the labor relations of capitalism, see  Capital, Volume 1.) False Consciousness and  Class Consciousness In  The German Ideology  and  The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels explained that the rule of the bourgeoisie is achieved and maintained in the realm of the superstructure. That is, the basis of their rule is ideological. Through their control of politics, media, and educational institutions, those in power propagate a worldview that suggests that the system as it is is right and just, that is is designed for the good of all, and that it is even natural and inevitable. Marx referred to the inability of the working class to see and understand the nature of this oppressive class relationship as false consciousness, and theorized that eventually, they would develop a clear and critical understanding of it, which would be class consciousness. With class consciousness, they would have awareness of the realities of the classed society in which they lived, and of their own role in reproducing it. Marx reasoned that once class consciousness had been achieved, a worker-led revolutio n would overthrow the oppressive system. Summation These are the ideas that are central to Marxs theory of economy and society, and are what made him so important to the field of sociology. Of course, Marxs written work is quite voluminous, and any dedicated student of sociology should engage in a close reading of as many of his works as possible, especially as his theory remains relevant today. While the class hierarchy of society is more complex today than that which Marx theorized, and capitalism now operates on a global scale, Marxs observations about the dangers of commodified labor, and about the core relationship between base and superstructure continue to serve as important analytic tools for understanding how the unequal status quo is maintained, and how one can go about disrupting it. Interested readers can find all of Marxs writing digitally archived here.

Systems and Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems and Operations Management - Assignment Example If we define this question the answer that we will get goes something like this: managing the activities, decisions and responsibilities of the resources so that it can produce and deliver the quality products or services in a stipulated span of time is called as Operations Management. Mainly, Operations Management about managing resources to create goods and services (Slack et al., 2010). In today’s competitive world, every organization has the operations management team that oversees the smooth functioning of the operations in terms of production and delivery of products and services. As Hayes et al. (2005) claims, effective operations strategy should be consistent and contribute to give competitive advantage. The person who manages this particular team is called as Operations Manager and it is his/her responsibility to see the operation is going smooth. Strategic Importance of the Digital Economy A decade before the Civil War, which was in 1850, the economy of the United St ates was not very big. It was even smaller than that of Italy. But after 40 years of the war United States was world’s largest economy. The reason behind this enormous progress is the railroads. What they did was connect the east and the west along with the interior parts with both the sides. With this move the industrial goods of the eastern part of the country gained access for the rest of the country; they scaled the economy with stimulation of the steel and manufacturing industries (Arthur, 2011). And this had made the economy to prosper many folds making it the largest economy. These types of changes are not unusual. Since 60 years or so there has been a great transformation in the economy of the country and most of the reforms are being done by the technology that has entered the country almost unnoticing. The entry of the technology has brought new social classes with them and also creates different classes of business. In today’s fast paced world is it possible to think such silent and slow yet deep economic transformation? If we look at the genetic or nano technology we can see the same, however, the time for them has not yet come in full force (Arthur, 2011). But it is arguable that there is something deep that is going as far as the information technology is concerned, which is way beyond the computers or the social media or e-commerce. The business processes that were completely human effort are now being executed electronically without losing time. These processes are executed in an unseen strictly digital domain (Katz and Koutroumpis, 2012). Let us take a look at an example. If you think about 20 years back, when you had to go somewhere in flight you would have a paper ticket that you would produce to a human being in the airport counter. After that the person would register your ticket, check your luggage in and help you know if the flight has arrived or not. All these activities were to be done manually by human interventions (Art hur, 2011). However, today, in the time of information technology, when you go to the airport you just need to swipe your frequent flyer card or credit card in the kiosk and you will get all the necessary stuffs – boarding pass, luggage tag, receipt etc. in just few seconds, without any human intervention. Once you swipe your card, an enormous conversation is being initiated among the

Comparative Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative Management - Essay Example Furthermore, it further provides a brief indication to the comparative institutional advantage of both the economies with respect to South Korea and Taiwan. The region of South Korea has seen an immense economic growth after the Second World War ever since the country was freed from the claws of Japanese colonialism in the year 1945. According to Michell (1988), the decade of 1960s had been very crucial as the early period of boom in the country's economy, which mostly took place due to advancements in trade and business activities in South Korea. It was the same period when the South Korean government imposed state rule over the privately owned businesses in order to manage the increasing developmental reforms in the country. The government took all the banks under its control, nationalised them and played an important part in allocating funds for financial activities that resulted in great economic development in the country. Thereafter the government introduced a system with semi-liberalisation of market by privatising the country's major banks in the early 1980s. This action of the government however could not be completely implemented and the government instead allowed relaxations to the banking business and facilitated the growth of non-bank financial institutions so as to infuse a market-oriented system in the country. Jones and SaKong (1980) suggest that the South Korean efforts for the development of economy towards a Liberal Market Economy as that of the United States had been initiated soon after the beginning of the year 1980. However, the government found itself unable to get rid of the chaebol system because of the over-reliance of the country's financial system on them. Therefore, the government was forced to retain interference and control in the management of the private business system. According to Root (1999), the South Korean economic system still depends upon government to look over the business affairs in the country. The government controls the corporations' activities and supports the chaebol companies to stay in the market even after they have become insolvent. This governmental support to the chaebol has led to kind of market in South Korea where the chaebol hold a major share in the ownership of non-bank financial institutions and try to confine the entry of foreign multi-natio nal corporations in the country so as to prevent competition. The government did initially introduce some reforms so as to liberalise the market but still the South Korean business reflects a predominating governmental influence in the private business affairs. Although the government claims to have taken a lot of steps in order to introduce market-based economy in the country. But the existing business system indicates as illuminated by Financial Supervisory Commission (1999) that the South Korean government holds the ownership of the shares of financial institutions and also utilises its influence on the banks to support the remodelling of chaebol corporations. The government co

Business Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business Function - Essay Example A business entity chosen should also draw from how much personal liability is involved and the entrepreneur’s ability to raise the capital required to begin the business because each entity requires a certain amount of initial capital. The various types of business include, the sole trader or proprietorship and partnership, which fall under the unincorporated firms and the private limited company and the public limited company that are under the incorporated firms’ category. With this, this essay will delve into the different types of businesses and their definitions and will also describe the three different types of business ownership with examples where possible. Lastly, the essay will further focus on the factors that should be considered by an entrepreneur when starting a business. Ideally, determining the type of business structure that an entrepreneur should choose draws from the way in which the chosen organization will meet his/her needs. Additionally, the type of business structure that an entrepreneur chooses depends on whether they want to run the same on their own or with the help of partners and associates. The three main business types, namely sole proprietorship, corporations and partnerships are discussed below. In essence, the sole trader type of business is the simplest of the three as it is easy to start and does not require too much paperwork while in partnership business form, ownership is shared between partners that contribute towards the start of a business based on a common business idea that they might have had. Incorporation is the other business structure where a business becomes a legal entity in which the shareholders of the same do not become legally liable for the activities, debts, or responsibilities of the corporation. The sole trader type of business is the simplest of the three as it is

Deontological Vs Utilitarian Ethics Essay Example for Free

Deontological Vs Utilitarian Ethics Essay Kant believed that morality is dependent upon reason, that to act rationally was the same as acting morally. He placed a high value upon duty in determining the moral worth of an action. Kant’s deontological ethics is essentially an ethics of duty or obligation. As such, he claims that the moral worth of an action depends solely on whether or not it was done exclusively from a sense of duty. If an act is done simply because one is so inclined, the act has no moral value. This principle holds true even if inclination happens to be in agreement with duty. To illustrate this point, he uses the example of a truly beneficent person. He says that while kindness to all man is a duty, there are some who are naturally inclined to be kind. He asserts â€Å"But I maintain that in such a case an action of this kind, however proper, however amiable it may be, has nevertheless no true moral worth, but is on a level with other inclinations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gregory and Giancola, 82). When these spread kindness while motivated by their own inclination to be kind, their kind acts have no moral value, because in his view in order for an act to be moral, it must be done for the sake of duty alone. Essentially, deontological ethics says the less inclined one is to perform an act that duty calls one to, the more moral worth the act has. While deontological ethics is completely independent of inclination, utilitarian ethics is in many was based upon it. Utilitarianism is built on hedonism, which is the claim that pleasure is the supreme good for man. The main idea of utilitarianism is that man is naturally inclined to seek pleasure and avoid pain and this natural inclination is to be embraced as it will lead man to the supreme end, which is happiness. Utilitarian ethics says that moral acts are those that promote pleasure and avoid pain while immoral acts do the opposite. In is definition of utilitarianism, John Mills says that as far as possible, pleasure in its highest quantity and quality should be promoted and this for the greatest number of people possible. He says, â€Å"†¦that standard is not the agent’s own greatest happiness, but the greatest amount of happiness altogether†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gregory and Giancola, 92). In my view this means that according to utilitarian ethics, the moral act is the o ne that brings pleasure to the greatest amount of people.

Diablo II Den of Evil :: essays research papers

Quest 1 - Den of Evil Did we miss anything on a quest? Is there something we didn't discover? Let us know! Quest Giver: Akara the Healer (in the starting camp). Begin by: talking with Akara for the first time. Quest Location: Blood Moor, Den of Evil cave. Quest Reward: One extra skill point. This introductory quest should bring you to level 3 or 4 by the end, depending on how much you fought before hand. To find the Den, simply follow the worn dirt path out of town until it forks (before you reach the Cold Plains area). Choose a direction. One will lead you to the cave and one will lead to a dead end. It's random. Your object is to rid the cave of every creature inside. When you face the demon shaman's, take care of them first, as they will resurrect their fallen demon cohorts. You should face one or two unique bosses, all built for your level, so expect some magic gear. When you're finished, you'll see beams of light pierce through the cavern ceiling. It's common to have to hunt for one or two remaining creatures, as they tend to scatter. Return to Akara for a wonderful starting boost. This is not a mandatory quest, but as mentioned in the intro, you'll be able to do it again in Nightmare and yet again in Hell, each for additional and almost free skill points. Don't worry, you'll work off this guilty pleasure later. Quest 2 - Sisters' Burial Grounds Did we miss anything on a quest? Is there something we didn't discover? Let us know! Quest Giver: Kashya the Rogue Leader (in the starting camp). Begin by: speaking with Kashya after completing Quest 1, or by entering the Cemetery. Quest Location: The Burial Grounds next to the Cold Plains. Quest Reward: One Rogue Mercenary and the ability to hire Rogues. Your objective is to free the Burial Grounds from a previous Rogue Captain named Blood Raven, who was corrupted by Andariel, and who is now wreaking havoc by raising undead creatures. Head to the Cold Plains, the first major area outside of town, and run around the perimeter looking for an exit from the area. If it's Stony Field, the next major area, keep moving around the perimeter. When you get to the Burial Grounds a quest log reminder will pop up. Kill the zombies and skeletons surrounding the cemetery first, and then head toward the center through one of the entrances.

Blood Sports (Debate) Essay

Blood sports should not be banned; whatever problems there are with the sport can be fixed with reforms. The World Health Organization has called for tighter regulation, including â€Å"Simple rules, such as requiring medical clearance, national passports to prevent players from fighting under more than one name, restricting fights for fixed periods after knockouts, requiring that ringside physicians be paid by the state and not the promoter, and making sure that the players are aware of the potential long-term consequence of blood sports, may help protect them to some degree. †The Australian Medical Association additionally â€Å"recommends that media coverage should be subject to control codes similar to those which apply to television screening of violence. †Finally, the World Medical Association suggests that all matches should have a ring physician authorized to stop the fight at any time. It has been reported that no safety regulations would be effective if head blows remain – however such authors incorrectly apportion blame on boxing for a group of diseases known as Parkinson’s syndrome. Blood sports can result in chronic traumatic neurological conditions if fighters are not well matched, and fight without regulations in regard to their exposure. Boxing cannot cause Parkinson’s disease or other conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease as those are genetic conditions – so to include them together as one set of conditions is incorrect and misleading. About 80% of deaths are caused by head, brain, and neck injuries, so the removal of the head as a scoring region may make a huge difference to the injury outcomes for this sport. However it would also change the very nature of the sport; and may mean people won’t participate in it. Ultimately, governments should do what they can to make blood sports as safe as possible, without losing the essence of the sport or banning it entirely. ————————————————- (Banning blood sports would force people to channel their aggression into more harmful, violent activities) There is no conclusive scientific evidence linking increased contact sport participation with being more violent in social settings. Such statements make it sound as thought we would have not violence in society if all contact sport was removed – and we all know that is untrue. Blood sports isn’t about violent aggression, it is about controlled aggression – this is very different to violent behaviors. In a report on â€Å"violent† sports in schools, conducted by the Lance Armstrong Foundation, a martial-arts instructor explained, â€Å"Contact and combat sports allow students to deal with their aggression in a safe environment, rather than in the context of the classroom or school hallway. †This type of outlet is not only important for youth, but for adults as well. Jason Brick said, â€Å"Positive Views on Violence In Sports,† Live strong, January 7, 2011, accessed July 13, 2011, With /proposition (The Effect of blood sports on the viewers) Blood Sports have been around for decades. Viewing violence generally triggers or serves in the increase of aggression of an individual. Sports such as wrestling (smack down) and Ultimate Fighter Competition (UFC) are bloody sports and have mostly negative effects on those who watch them. The objective of these two sports is to beat an individual into unconsciousness, make them tap out by inflicting pain, if none of these is accomplished within a time frame, the match is to be stopped and the judges decide who wins. Many children, teenagers, and even adults tend to try and imitate a knock out or combos that were seen performed at one of these fights onto an individual in an uncontrolled environment whether it is their sibling, friend, coworker, or a stranger for different reasons that includes but is not limited to a misunderstanding or horse playing. Watching this sport leaves the viewer psychologically aggressive. For example, if someone watches a match and gets into a fight with another person later on, that person is more likely to use a technique he saw during the fight, and since there is no referee to stop the fight in case of suffocation or tap-out, the victim is more likely to bleed, pass out or even dies. During the 1980’s, two men were in a bar discussing the Marvin Haggler and Sugar Ray Leonard fight that had occurred several days before, and in the process on trying to show exactly how one of the punch landed, both men went outside, drawing a crowd with them. The demonstration turned tragic when one of the men landed a punch to the jaw of the other, and such was the power of the blow, that the victim fell, hit his head on the pavement and started to bleed, and had to be buried a few weeks later. Seeing and permitting violence to be seen makes it seem normal and legal when in fact it is not normal and it is horrible, but here is where lies another problem which is called desensitization. Many years ago when a horrible scene was about to be portrayed on your television set, there would first appear a window saying ‘the images that you are about to see might injure the sensibility of certain people’ or words to that effect. Well, have you noticed that now they no longer even bother showing that little window? It’s as if the media know that human kind are used to everything by now. That nothing is going to affect them that much. So what does this show? It shows that us human beings are getting desensitized to everything and when that happens it also means that we don’t get so emotional about anything anymore and so consequently don’t fight any more either in order to strive for a change. We have all come to a point where nothing moves us that much anymore. (Pain and Injury as the Price of blood sports) Many people think about sports in a paradoxical way: They accept violence in sports, but the injuries caused by that violence make them uneasy. They seem to want violence without consequences— like the ?ctionalized violence they see in the media and video games in which characters engage in brutality without being seriously or permanently injured. However, blood sports are real, and it causes real pain, injury, disability, and even death (Dater, 2005; Farber, 2004; Leahy, 2008; Rice, 2005; Smith, 2005b; Young, 2004a). Ron Rice, an NFL player whose career ended when he tackled an opponent, discusses the real consequences of blood sports. The brutal body contact of the tackle left him temporarily paralyzed and permanently disabled. He remembers that â€Å"before I hit the ground, I knew my career was over. . . . My body froze. I was like a tree that had been cut down, teetering, then crashing, unable to break my fall. † Research on pain and injury among athletes helps us understand that blood sports have real consequences. Studies indicate that professional sports involving brutal body contact and borderline violence are among the most dangerous workplaces in the occupational world. The same could be said about high-pro? le power and performance intercollegiate sports in which 80 percent of male and female athletes sustain at least one serious injury while playing their sports and nearly 70 percent are disabled for two or more weeks. Research shows a close connection between dominant ideas about masculinity and the high rate of injuries in many sports. Ironically, some power and performance sports are organized so that players feel that their manhood is up for grabs. Men who de? ne masculinity in terms of physically dominating others often use violence in sports as an expression of this code of manhood. Until they critically examine issues related to gender and the organization of their sports, they will mistakenly de? ne violence as a source of rewards rather than a source of chronic pain and disabilities that constrain and threaten their lives.